Rebuilding of bunds, which would normally result in major disruption to its service and involves huge labour, is very expensive and not popular.

There are alternative methods to using conventional repairs such as vitrified clay tile, stainless steel/mild steel linings and rubber linings. Various coatings/screeds are also used for repairing bunds, including glass reinforced polyester/vinyl ester/epoxy, polyurethane concrete and coal tar/pitch modified epoxy/bituminous screeds. However, these struggle to provide long-lasting protection to concrete or metal as:

• Aggressive chemical attack needs to be addressed
• There is normally the requirement to bond to contaminated surfaces

In addition to the above, these materials also have to overcome the following problems:

• Health & Safety issues
• Delamination
• Labour intensive
• Limited hi-build properties
• Temperature limitations
• Airborne overspray

It is therefore essential for any solution provider to address all of these challenges.